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Congestive heart failure (CHF) is fairly common in dogs. Approximately 10% of all dogs, and 75% of senior dogs, have some form of heart disease. CHF itself is not a disease: it is a condition that is a result of heart disease. In This Article
What is Congestive Heart Failure in dogs?Congestive heart failure in dogs occurs when the heart is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood to the body, thus causing an increase in pressure and fluid that eventually leaks into the lungs and, less frequently, other major organs. When fluid accumulates in or around a dog’s lungs, it prohibits the lungs from expanding normally and prevents oxygen from moving into the bloodstream properly. This can cause a variety of symptoms and health issues. CHF can be a slow-onset condition that develops over time. Signs and symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure in dogsThe signs and symptoms associated with CHF may vary, depending on the underlying heart disease and whether the right or left side of the heart is affected. In some cases, symptoms will be the same regardless of side. These signs should be taken seriously and addressed with your veterinarian at first notice:
Both right-sided and left-sided CHF ultimately lead to oxygen depletion in the tissues, and eventual heart failure. What is the difference between right-sided and left-sided CHF?Left-sided congestive heart failureThis is the most common type of CHF in dogs. The left side of the heart collects oxygen-rich blood and pumps it out to the body’s various organs. Certain signs such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and exercise intolerance are indicative of a backup of pressure in the vessels delivering blood to the left atrium (upper chamber) and ventricle (lower chamber). As a result, fluid accumulates within the lungs (a condition known as pulmonary edema). On occasion, dogs with left-sided CHF faint due to lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain. They often breathe faster than healthy dogs. Right-sided congestive heart failureIf the right side of the heart is weak or there is a dysfunctional valve, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Pressure builds up in the vessels that deliver blood to the right atrium, and the body’s veins and capillaries. This can cause fluid buildup in the abdomen, a condition called ascites. Fluid may also leak from veins in the limbs and cause swelling, a condition known as peripheral edema. Biventricular failureThis arises when both the right and left ventricles are not working properly. What causes Congestive Heart Failure in dogs?There are a number of factors that can result in CHF. Some dogs are born with congenital heart defects that contribute to this condition, but they can take years to present themselves. Congenital heart disease is rare, accounting for about 5% of all canine heart disease. Common congenital heart diseases include:
Dogs that are born with healthy hearts can develop heart disease during their lifetime. Like humans, dogs can develop health issues that can lead to CHF as they age. Other causes of CHF in dogs:
Do dogs have heart attacks?Although it is very rare, the unexpected and sudden death of dogs from heart disease is possible. Some of the main risk factors that increase a dog’s chances of having a heart attack include obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and serious bacterial infections. If you believe your dog is having a heart attack take them to the nearest emergency care facility as soon as possible. There is a version of CPR that can be performed on dogs, however, it requires special training to do it properly. If done incorrectly, CPR can result in further injuries to your dog and delay getting proper medical attention from a veterinarian. Diagnosing CHF in dogsThe veterinarian will need your dog’s complete medical history along with a complete physical exam to diagnose CHF. An accurate diagnosis will require a series of tests:
CHF in dogs is broken down into four stages. Stages one and two present few symptoms, and owners may be unaware something is wrong until the condition has progressed to a later stage.
Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure in DogsTreatment depends on the underlying heart disease, along with the severity. There is usually no cure for CHF, but there are effective treatments to ensure a good quality of life. If the cause of CHF is a congenital abnormality like a PDA, surgical correction may help to reverse heart failure if performed in a timely fashion. The goal when treating CHF is to reduce fluid buildup and maximize the amount of blood being pumped to the lungs and the rest of the body. Here are some of the medications, supplements, and diets that may be recommended:
Is there a cure for Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs?Unfortunately, there is generally no cure for heart disease. However, with the right care, it is possible to manage, and most dogs do well with medications and treatment. Is CHF Contagious for Humans or Other Pets?CHF is not contagious. However, heart disease can be heredity, so veterinarians strongly advise against breeding dogs who have an underlying heart condition. What Is the Cost for Treating CHF?Diagnostic testing can be costly, and the medications used to treat CHF can be expensive, especially if they are given over a long period of time. Be sure to inquire about generic brands. Recovery and Management of Congestive Heart Failure in dogsIt’s possible for a dog with CHF to live a happy life. But proper diet, monitored exercise, medications, and good overall care are necessary. Regular check-ups are important for monitoring a dog’s condition and assessing the effectiveness of treatments. Any change in health should be addressed immediately. Preventing Congestive Heart Failure in DogsTo prevent CHF, owners need to be aware of the signs and symptoms associated with heart problems and address them right away. Proper nutrition is important, but supplements can also play a role heart disease prevention. Some preliminary studies have shown a link between grain-free diets and heart disease (specifically dilated cardiomyopathy). If your dog is eating a grain-free diet, speak with your veterinarian about whether your dog should change to a diet containing grain. Is there a vaccine for Congestive Heart Failure in dogs?There is no vaccine that can prevent CHF. Summary of Congestive Heart Failure in dogsCongestive Heart Failure in dogs is fairly common, affecting 75% of senior dogs. While there is no cure, medication and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition. As it’s not always easy to detect in its early stages, prevention is important; proper diet, exercise, and weight maintenance are key for canine cardiovascular health. Be aware of the signs and symptoms so you can seek help as soon as you suspect CHF could be an issue, and stay up to date on your annual vet visits. How do you treat a dog with congestive heart failure cough?Treatment. Medications to help the heart work and correct irregular heartbeats.. Medications to slow fluid build-up in the lungs.. Surgery to correct a torn valve or to insert a pacemaker to correct the heart beat.. A commercial or prescription low-salt diet to help decrease fluid build-up in your dog's body.. How do you comfort a dog with congestive heart failure?How to Help a Dog with Congestive Heart Failure. Medication. ... . Pacemaker. ... . Low-Salt Diet. ... . Exercise Management. ... . Supplements. ... . Being Careful About Treats.. What are the final stages of congestive heart failure in a dog?Stage 4: CHF is in its final stage. Breathing becomes difficult even when at rest. Fluid can accumulate in various parts of the body, causing swollen legs or belly, making it difficult to walk. It can even cause vomiting.
Why do dogs cough when they have congestive heart failure?The most common clinical sign of congestive heart failure (CHF) is persistent coughing accompanied by difficulty breathing. This is due mainly to pulmonary edema or the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. The enlarged heart will also push against the trachea, causing irritation that can induce a cough.
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