Comparative Study Show
doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.6. Epub 2012 Feb 2. Affiliations
Comparative Study Second morning urine method is superior to the casual urine method for estimating daily salt intake in patients with hypertensionMinoru Kawamura et al. Hypertens Res. 2012 Jun. AbstractThe accuracy of the casual urine (CU) method for estimating daily salt intake was compared with the second morning urine (SMU) method and with 24-h urine collection (24 UC) method as the gold standard. Data were obtained from three previously reported studies, in which we evaluated the daily salt intake by the SMU method. Using SMU samples from 1315 outpatients, the estimated salt intake was lower with the CU method than the SMU method. In inpatients with a daily salt intake of 7, 8 or 18 g, the CU method was applied to SMU specimens. It underestimated salt intake compared with the 24-h collection method whereas the SMU method and 24 UC method gave similar results. In the present study, 24 UC was done and then urine was collected at 0800, 1100, 1400, 1700 and 1900 hours, with a daily salt intake of 6 g in 8 inpatients, 10 g in 11 inpatients or 15 g in 5 inpatients. In comparison with the 24 UC method, the CU method underestimated a high salt intake (15 g) when morning specimens were used and overestimated a low salt intake (6 g) when afternoon specimens were used. The correlation between the CU method and 24 UC method was weaker (R = 0.57) than that between the SMU method and 24 UC method (R = 0.85). In conclusion, the CU method is heavily influenced by the timing of urine collection and by the actual daily salt intake, so the SMU method provides a better estimate of individual salt intake.
Similar articles
Cited by
Publication typesMeSH termsSubstancesLinkOut - more resources
Which morning urine is best for pregnancy test?In the early days of your pregnancy, when hCG levels are still increasing, your first morning urine will offer you the greatest chance of having sufficient hCG levels built up for a positive pregnancy test.
How important is it to test with first morning urine?For best results, take the pregnancy test in the morning. First-morning urine exhibits the highest concentration of hCG. Taking your pregnancy test sooner than eight days past ovulation might result in a false negative. Blood tests are more sensitive and can offer more information than a home urine test.
How long can pee sit before pregnancy test?If not tested immediately, urine may be stored at room temperature (59-86oF or 15-30o C) or 8 hours refrigerated at 36─46oF (2─8oC) for up to 3 days. Samples must be brought to room temperature before testing. Do not freeze samples.
Is 2am too early to take a pregnancy test?You're more likely to get an accurate result if you take the test in the morning, especially if your period is not yet late. However, no one can stop you from taking a home pregnancy test at night. If you really can't wait until morning, go ahead and take one. The only issue is it might be inaccurate.
|