The independent and dependent variables are key to any scientific experiment, but how do you tell them apart? Here are the definitions of independent and dependent variables, examples of each type, and tips for telling them apart and graphing them. Show
Independent VariableThe independent variable is the factor the researcher changes or controls in an experiment. It is called independent because it does not depend on any other variable. The independent variable may be called the “controlled variable” because it is the one that is changed or controlled. This is different from the “control variable,” which is variable that is held constant so it won’t influence the outcome of the experiment. Dependent VariableThe dependent variable is the factor that changes in response to the independent variable. It is the variable that you measure in an experiment. The dependent variable may be called the “responding variable.” Examples of Independent and Dependent VariablesHere are several examples of independent and dependent variables in experiments:
How to Tell the Independent and Dependent Variable ApartIf you’re having trouble identifying the independent and dependent variable, here are a few ways to tell them apart. First, remember the dependent variable depends on the independent variable. It helps to write out the variables as an if-then or cause-and-effect sentence that shows the independent variable causes an effect on the dependent variable. If you mix up the variables, the sentence won’t make sense. Example: The amount of eat (independent variable) affects how much you weigh (dependent variable). This makes sense, but if you write the sentence the other way, you can tell it’s incorrect: Example: How much you weigh affects how much you eat. (Well, it could make sense, but you can see it’s an entirely different experiment.) If-then statements also work: Example: If you change the color of light (independent variable), then it affects plant growth (dependent variable). Switching the variables makes no sense: Example: If plant growth rate changes, then it affects the color of light. Sometimes you don’t control either variable, like when you gather data to see if there is a relationship between two factors. This can make identifying the variables a bit trickier, but establishing a logical cause and effect relationship helps: Example: If you increase age (independent variable), then average salary increases (dependent variable). If you switch them, the statement doesn’t make sense: Example: If you increase salary, then age increases. How to Graph Independent and Dependent VariablesPlot or graph independent and dependent variables using the standard method. The independent variable is the x-axis, while the dependent variable is the y-axis. Remember the acronym DRY MIX to keep the variables straight: D = Dependent variable M = Manipulated variable References
What are dependent and independent variables in a science project?The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.
What are good ideas for a science fair project?45 Eighth Grade Science Fair Projects and Classroom Experiments. Build a better lightbulb. ... . Design a robotic hand. ... . Compare electrolytes in sports drinks. ... . Measure algae growth. ... . Drop an egg to prove the first law of motion. ... . Assemble a Newton's cradle. ... . Blow out a candle with a balloon. ... . Relight a candle without touching it.. What are some examples of independent and dependent variables in a study?Let's take the example of “Test Scores”. You want to see the effect of studying or sleeping on a test score. In the example, “test score” is the dependent variable. “Studying” or “sleeping” is the independent variable because these factors impact how much a student scores on the test.
What are some examples of independent and dependent variables and control?Example: a car going down different surfaces. Independent variable: the surface of the slope rug, bubble wrap and wood. Dependent variable: the time it takes for the car to go down the slope. Controlled variable: the height of the slope, the car, the unit of time e.g. minutes and the length of the slope.
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