What does a sellers permit allow you to do

Before you can collect and remit sales tax in a state, you’ll need to obtain a sales tax permit, sometimes known as a sales tax license or seller’s permit. Not every business is required to collect and remit sales tax, so how do you know if you need a sales tax permit? And how do you go about getting one if you do?

The answers to these and other related questions vary depending on the state and the business itself. Read on to learn more.

Who needs a sales tax permit?

You need to get a sales tax permit and comply with sales tax laws in states where you have nexus, which is another word for connection.

Nexus used to be based solely on physical presence, such as employees, inventory, or an office in a state. Having a physical presence in a state still establishes nexus, but thanks to the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. (June 21, 2018), businesses with no physical presence in a state can establish nexus through economic activity, or economic nexus. Physical presence in a state is no longer requisite.

Every state with a general sales tax enacted economic nexus in the wake of the Wayfair ruling, as did Puerto Rico, Washington, D.C., and some local governments in Alaska. Yet it’s still possible to sell into a state and not establish nexus because all economic nexus laws provide an exception for remote businesses selling beneath the state’s economic nexus threshold. These thresholds vary from $100,000 in sales to $500,000 in sales and 100 transactions; details are available in this state-by-state guide to economic nexus laws.

An out-of-state business that meets a state’s economic nexus threshold must obtain a sales tax permit and start collecting and remitting sales tax according to state and local laws, just like an in-state business.

How do you get a sales tax permit?

Registering for a sales tax permit usually occurs in several stages, from the initial “Welcome, we want to make doing business in [state] as easy and friendly as possible,” to the more sobering “List of Required Forms.” In some states, additional permits or licenses may also be required.

Obtaining this all-important slip of paper is more challenging and expensive in certain states, and for certain businesses. It all depends on the state(s) in which you do business and whether you’re a temporary or permanent business, a brick-and-mortar business with one location or multiple locations in the state, a marketplace seller, or a direct online seller (with or without a physical presence in the state).

In California, for example, you need to apply for a temporary seller’s permit if you plan to make sales in one location for 90 days or less. Maryland’s temporary permits for temporary or seasonal sellers is good for up to 30 days. It’s important to confirm which type of permit a state requires for your type of business: While New York offers a temporary permit, short-term vendors that make sales at a show, entertainment event, flea market, or sporting event must obtain a regular permit; the temporary Certificate of Authority is only for vendors who “expect to make taxable sales in New York State for no more than two consecutive sales tax quarters in any 12-month period.”

It’s in every state’s interest to make the registration process as clear and straightforward as possible. Though consumers are required to self-report consumer use tax if a seller doesn’t collect applicable sales tax at checkout, it’s much harder for states to track down non-compliant consumers than non-compliant businesses.

That said, you may have to hunt for the information you seek, and the fact that different states call their permits by different names can make that a time-consuming process. For example, the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) lists the California Seller’s Permit under “Permits & Licenses,” while on the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance website, you’ll find a link to “Register as a sales tax vendor” in the side menu under the “Businesses” heading. If you can’t find what you’re looking for, give the department of revenue a call.

After you apply, you’ll receive a permit in the mail that’s suitable for displaying in a conspicuous place, which is mandatory for businesses with a physical presence in the state. Different requirements may exist for remote sellers.

Pay attention to how long your sales tax permit lasts. Permits in some states (e.g., California and Texas) are good for as long as you own your business, while in other states (e.g., Connecticut and Pennsylvania), they must be renewed every one to five years. It all depends on the state. And, of course, these requirements are subject to change: Alabama requires annual license renewal as of January 1, 2021.

What’s the difference between a sales tax permit and a resale certificate?

As explained above, businesses typically need to acquire a sales tax permit before collecting sales tax on taxable sales. In obtaining a sales tax permit, a seller agrees to act as an agent for the state for the collection and remittance of sales tax, as prescribed by law.

A resale certificate allows a business to make tax-free purchases of taxable goods for resale. As the Nevada Department of Revenue explains, “The certificate represents the purchaser’s assurance that the property is for eventual resale and the tax will be charged then.” Resale certificates prevent goods from being taxed twice.

Although free to obtain, resale certificates do need to be updated periodically. Sellers that fail to obtain a resale certificate to validate tax-exempt sales could be held liable for the uncollected tax.

Do marketplace sellers need a sales tax permit?

If you sell through a marketplace, whether you need to register for a sales tax permit depends on a few factors, such as whether you have a physical presence in the state, if you make direct sales in addition to marketplace sales, and the volume of your sales.

Having a physical presence in a state creates nexus and a need for a sales tax permit, as noted above. Most states consider physical presence to include inventory held in a marketplace facilitator’s warehouse or fulfillment center, so it’s important for marketplace sellers to track the location of inventory. Not knowing you have marketplace inventory in a state won’t protect you from tax liability.

With the exception of Missouri, all states with a sales tax now require marketplace facilitators to collect and remit tax on behalf of their third-party sellers (Missouri’s marketplace facilitator law will take effect January 1, 2023). Some states, like Iowa, don’t require individual sellers to register for a sales tax permit or file returns if all their sales in the state are made through collecting marketplaces; yet a marketplace seller with a physical presence in Iowa would still need to register, as would a direct remote seller whose sales exceed Iowa’s economic nexus threshold.

Some states require marketplace sellers to obtain a sales tax permit and file a sales tax return even if they only sell through a registered marketplace and don’t have a physical presence or make direct sales in the state. That’s the case in Connecticut. See our state-by-state registration requirements for marketplace sellers for state-specific details.

In short, sellers that sell through multiple channels in a state, including their own ecommerce store, generally need to obtain a sales tax permit. Sellers that sell only through marketplace(s) that collect and remit on their behalf may or may not have to obtain a sales tax permit. It depends on the state. 

How much do sales tax permits cost (2022)?

Just as naming conventions for sales tax permits vary by state, so does the cost of doing business.

Below is a list of what permits cost in each state, as of January 2022. As with just about everything else related to sales tax, this information is subject to change. 

All states impose penalties, fees, and maybe even criminal charges on businesses that fail to register as required. So, before you start collecting sales tax, be sure to get any necessary sales tax permits right from the start. Avalara Sales Tax Registration can help with that process in all states.

Updated January 2022; originally posted March 2019.

How much is a Florida sellers permit?

Florida does not charge a fee for applying for a seller's permit, and your license won't expire unless you don't use it for more than a year. If your Florida seller's permit has been canceled for any reason, you need to obtain a new one before resuming sales in the state.

Who needs a seller's permit in Wisconsin?

A seller's permit is required for every individual, partnership, corporation, or other organization making retail sales, leases, or rentals of tangible personal property or taxable services in Wisconsin, unless all sales are exempt from sales or use tax.

How much is a seller's permit in Illinois?

It is free to apply for a sales tax permit in Illinois. Other business registration fees may apply. Contact each state's individual department of revenue for more about registering your business. 6.

How much is a seller's permit in California?

There is no charge for a seller's permit, but security deposits are sometimes required. You can apply online using online registration or you may apply at a nearby CDTFA location.