Mixed numbers and improper fractions are introduced once children are secure in their understanding of proper fractions (unit- and non-unit) in Upper KS2. Show
What is a mixed number?A mixed number, sometimes also called a mixed fraction, is a combination of an integer (whole number) and fraction (part of a whole number). Examples of mixed numbersMixed numbers can be written with or without ‘and’, e.g. 5 and ¾ or 5¾. The fractional part of the mixed number must be a proper fraction (less than one whole). In a proper fraction, the numerator (top number) is less than the denominator (bottom number), such as 3⁄7, or 11⁄15. A mixed number cannot be composed of an integer and an improper fraction (more than one whole), such as 5 and 5⁄4. This would have to be corrected to a mixed number – in this case, it would be 6 and ¼. Example of a Third Space Learning interactive lesson slide on mixed numbersWhen do children learn about mixed numbers in the national curriculum?Children first encounter mixed numbers in UKS2. In Year 5, pupils must “recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions and convert from one form to the other and write mathematical statements > 1 as a mixed number (for example, 2⁄5 + ⅘ = 6⁄5 = 1 and ⅕)” and “multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by materials and diagrams”. Finally, in Year 6 maths lessons, pupils will be “adding and subtracting fractions with different denominators and mixed numbers, using the concept of equivalent fractions”. How do mixed numbers relate to other areas of maths?Mixed numbers often appear in measurement topics, requiring children to convert between units of measure. For example, children would be expected to know that 1½ litres is equivalent to 1,500ml, or that 2¾ hours = 165 minutes. Some mixed numbers may require simplifying, e.g. 4 2⁄4 = 4½. These types of measures will also sometimes be represented as decimals, such as 1.5 or 2.75, as children are expected to know fraction-decimal equivalents in UKS2. How are mixed numbers used in real life?Children should be shown how the maths they are learning is applicable in real-life contexts. Therefore, as previously mentioned, mixed numbers can be most commonly found in real-life when referring to units of measure, e.g. 1½ tablespoons, 1¾ hours, 5½ pizzas, etc. Fractions Lessons Resource Pack Download a free pack of worksheet on fractions, including questions on mixed numbers and word problems. 3 worked examples for mixed number1) Convert between mixed numbers and improper fractions To convert an improper fraction to a mixed number, divide the numerator (in a division, this is also known as the dividend) by the denominator (also known as the divisor). The answer to this (also known as the quotient) becomes the whole number part; the remainder (if there is one) becomes the numerator; the denominator (which was the divisor) remains the same. For example, to convert 23⁄5 to a mixed number, step-by-step:
This can be much more clearly visualised with a diagram such as a bar model: Bar model showing four wholes and three fifths.As shown above, twenty-three fifths can also be written as four wholes and three-fifths. To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction, multiply the whole number by the denominator and add the numerator. The answer to this becomes the new numerator; the denominator remains the same. For example, to convert 2⅔ to an improper fraction step-by-step:
As shown above, two wholes and two-thirds can also be written as eight-thirds. 2) Add or subtract mixed numbers Example 1: 1¼ + 1½ Example 2: 2⅓ – 1⅖ An addition or subtraction such as these can be approached in one of two ways:
3) Multiply mixed numbers by whole numbers 1⅓ x 5 As above, this can approached in one of two ways:
5 mixed number practice questions and answers
Read more about adding, subtracting and multiplying fractions in this fractions for kids article. What is the difference between an improper fraction and a mixed number? Both are larger than one whole but are represented differently: an improper fraction has only a numerator and a denominator (the former of which is larger than the latter, e.g. 5⁄3, the equivalent of 1⅔); a mixed number has a whole number and a proper fraction (e.g. 1⅔, the equivalent of 5⁄3). How do I convert a mixed number to an improper fraction? See the ‘worked examples’ section above Read more: How to Teach Fractions: adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions. For more explanations teaching primary maths topics, see our Primary Maths Dictionary Do you have pupils who need extra support in maths? Since 2013 we’ve helped over 125,000 primary and secondary school pupils become more confident, able mathematicians. Learn more or request a personalised quote for your school to speak to us about your school’s needs and how we can help. Our online tuition for maths programme provides every child with their own professional one to one maths tutor What is mixed number example?A mixed number, or mixed fraction, is a number that contains both an integer (whole number) and a proper fraction (a fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator). An example of a mixed number is 147 1 4 7 .
How do I write a mixed number?Step 1: Divide the numerator by the denominator. Step 2: Write down the quotient as the whole number. Step 3: Write down the remainder as the numerator and the divisor as the denominator. For example, we follow the given steps to convert 7/3 into a mixed number form.
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