What key is moonlight sonata in

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What key is moonlight sonata in

Practice broken chords in both hands and long held notes in the bass with one of the most famous pieces of music ever written for the piano.

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Ludwig van Beethoven had quite a few hits that are still in great demand over 200 years later. This is perhaps the second most well-known (the first being Fur Elise). The original is in C# minor and in cut time, but there are many versions in different keys and time signatures, mainly to make it accessible piano students who long to play it. 

It’s well known that Beethoven lost his hearing. It was a gradual loss which started when he was around 28 years old. The Moonlight Sonata was written when he was 31, so there would have been some symptoms at the time he wrote this. It was unusual to start with such a slow movement and end with such a fast one. It’s one of the many ways Beethoven pushed music from “classical” rules into a new era of music – the romantic era.

Cheat sheet

Artist Ludwig van Beethoven
Composer Ludwig van Beethoven
Release Year 1801
Genre(s) Classical
Difficulty level Beginner
Instrument  Piano
Key(s) Original: C# minor | Skoove lesson: D minor
Meter  Original: 2/2 | Skoove lesson: 12/8
Techniques  Continuous broken chords in the left hand and then in the right hand. Long held notes in the bass.

Play Beethoven’s beautiful Moonlight Sonata piano chords

Moonlight Sonata is certainly one of the top most recognizable and ubiquitous piano songs in the history of written piano music. You will instantly recognize the Moonlight Sonata chords from countless movies, plays, or advertisements – composers and producers have been using the brilliance of Beethoven to represent quiet, sadness and solemnity for many years, and will continue to for many years to come. The right hand arpeggios, the slow descending bass line, the beautiful and odd melody all combine to create the unique and haunting Moonlight Sonata piano chords. 

Tips for playing the song

  • Chords broken into single notes are called arpeggios
  • When playing arpeggios approach them like chords, place all fingers over all notes and then play them one at a time, before repeating the pattern
  • The descending bassline will go down further than you think, make sure you have plenty of space to play as low as you need to
  • Skoove has simplified the time signature from triplets in 2/2 to 8th notes, re-written into 12/8 — twelve eighth notes in each measure, in groups of three
  • The metronome built into the Skoove App will be helpful making sure you play each of these eighth notes in time
  • Be careful to start in the right area of the piano, both hands begin very low.

Learn to play ‘Moonlight Sonata’ on piano step by step with Skoove

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Interesting fact

Beethoven dedicated this work to his 16 years old student, Countess Giulietta Guicciardi. Beethoven was in love with her, but their romance eventually did not come to fruition.

This article uses the ABRSM and Trinity College London piano grade systems.

Many of my piano students, especially the adult beginners, have the goal of learning the first movement of Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata. Often they want to know approximately what standard it is when lined up against the piano grades system.

So what grade would it be? Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata 1st movement would be approximately grade 6 level if you are only concerned with playing the notes correctly. But to do it justice, the technical skill required to play this movement musically makes it diploma standard (ATCL/ARSM).

Below I’ll explain the reasons why it’s grade 6 level, and the reasons why it’s also diploma level, as well as discussing how long it takes for beginners to learn the first movement of Moonlight Sonata:

Why the Notes of Moonlight Sonata First Movement are Grade 6

What key is moonlight sonata in
The famous opening of Moonlight Sonata

This movement of Moonlight Sonata is not (currently) set on a grade syllabus. If we are just talking about playing all the notes accurately, and nothing else, then the playing standard required is about grade 6.

The tempo is slow throughout, and the left hand is simple at face value – it often only plays one or two static chords per bar.

The key signature (C sharp minor) is somewhat challenging, and there are many accidentals (additional sharps or flats) scattered throughout the movement. However the adagio sostenuto tempo is slow enough to allow enough thinking time to get round these without much stress.

Let’s compare it with another Beethoven movement that was actually set for grade 6 on the ABRSM 2009-2010 piano syllabus – the second movement of Beethoven’s piano Sonata in C, WoO 51 (see extract below).

What key is moonlight sonata in
Bars 16-17 of Beethoven’s Sonata in C, WoO 51, 2nd movement, set for ABRSM grade 6

As you can see, this similar movement that was officially set for grade 6 uses a similar right hand triplet pattern to that in Moonlight Sonata. Its tempo is also Adagio, similar to the Adagio Sostenuto of the moonlight sonata.

Why the First Movement of Moonlight Sonata is really Diploma Level

It is one thing being able to play all the right notes, but to really give a musical performance of this movement, a higher level of musical training and awareness is needed.

Moonlight Sonata as a whole sonata, not just the first movement, is on the official repertoire lists for both the ATCL and ARSM Piano Performance diplomas (at the time of writing). Yes the other movements are technically more demanding, but there are other reasons why even the first movement is considered diploma-level repertoire.

The first reason is the voicing in the right-hand; the melody line is mostly played with the fourth and fifth fingers (notoriously the weakest fingers for pretty much everybody!) whilst the remaining thumb, second finger and third finger simultaneously play arpeggios:

What key is moonlight sonata in
Bars 16-18. See how the weaker right hand fingers have the tune

The weakest fingers of the hand are in charge of bringing out the melody louder than the arpeggio accompaniment, whilst making it legato at the same time. This requires immense control from the fingers which can only be built from many hours of practice.

The second challenging aspect of playing this movement is keeping the triplet quavers going continuously. Because they never stop at all until the last two bars, it is really obvious if the pulse wavers even a little bit. There is not much room for rubato in this movement – you are on a triplet quaver treadmill from the second you start.

The third reason that this movement is really a lot harder than grade 6 standard is the control needed to play the left hand appropriately. A controlled, even tone is needed, but the left-hand octaves still need to be played quietly. Because they are so low in pitch, and doubled up, the danger is that they will end up overpowering the right hand melody.

An intermediate player may be able to achieve somewhat near the desired sound but still play the left-hand octaves with a lot of tension, which is far from ideal! A diploma-level pianist should be able to sink into the octaves in a relaxed way, as that is the added challenge.

How Long does it take Beginners to learn Moonlight Sonata 1st Movement on Piano?

Despite all this, it is often those relatively new to the piano that specifically want to learn this work, and of course that should be encouraged. People often want to know how long it will take them to learn it.

So how long does it take? The amount of time it takes for a pianist to learn the first movement of Moonlight Sonata completely depends on prior experience, as well as how much time is spent practising it each week. However, below I have outlined a suggestion of a sample schedule for an adult/teenage beginner pianist who has been learning piano for less than one year to learn it in 24 days.

These practice sessions do not need to be done on consecutive days – you are allowed days off! But do bear in mind that the best results come from regular practice, no matter how short the length of time you practice for is. Five minutes every single day is infinitely better than two hours in one go and then nothing for the rest of the week.

Practice session no. Bars/measures to practice Practice right hand, left hand, or both together
1 1 to 5 Right
2 1 to 5 Left, recap right, both
3 5 to 15 Right
4 5 to 15 Left, recap right, both
5 1 to 15 Both
6 15 to 23 Right
7 23 to 31 Right
8 15 to 31 Left
9 15 to 31 Recap right, recap left, both
10 1 to 31 Both
11 32 to 38 Right
12 38 to 42 Right
13 32 to 42 Left, recap right, both
14 42 to 51 Right
15 42 to 51 Left
16 42 to 51 Both
17 51 to 60 Right
18 51 to 60 Left
19 51 to 60 Both
20 1 to 60 Both
21 60 to the end Right
22 60 to the end Left
23 60 to the end Recap right, recap left, both
24 1 to the end Both

Having a few piano lessons to work on a specific goal is a great way to speed up your learning of a piece and get help with any problems you might be having. With a lot of teachers you don’t have to commit to a whole string of lessons, and can just view it as a short-term troubleshooting solution instead.

If you’re in the UK, you can use my link to Tutorful to get a free £25 credit off your piano lessons here. You can use it for in-person or online lessons.

Similar works to Moonlight Sonata

If you like the first movement of Moonlight Sonata then you may also like the second movement of Beethoven’s Pathétique Sonata in C minor Opus 13. It is a similar level of difficulty, i.e. the notes themselves are around grade 6 standard, but to play this piece really well you need a more advanced musical understanding.

What key is moonlight sonata in
The opening of Beethoven’s Pathétique Sonata

As well as also being Adagio, this movement is a similar length to our Moonlight Sonata movement. Instead of the four sharps in the key signature, this has four flats. It also has a near continuous semiquaver pulse like the continuous triplets in the Moonlight Sonata.

The most similar aspect of this Pathétique movement compared to the Moonlight Sonata movement is passages where the right hand has both the tune in the top line and a triplet accompaniment in the middle line (see below), just like throughout the Moonlight Sonata movement.

What key is moonlight sonata in
One of the right-hand melody and triplet accompaniment passages in the Pathétique Sonata 2nd movement

Despite all these similarities, the Pathétique movement is in a major key. However it has a longing, almost sorrowful feel, not too dissimilar from the Moonlight Sonata. Have a listen here:

Read more:

What Piano Grade is Beethoven’s Pathétique Sonata?

Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata as a whole is Associate Diploma standard (equivalent to the standard of the first year of an undergraduate Music Performance degree). Moonlight Sonata is currently set on the repertoire lists for ATCL, DipABRSM, and ARCT (the Associate Diplomas for Trinity College London, the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, and the Royal Conservatory of Music respectively).

What Piano Grade is Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata 3rd Movement?

The 3rd movement of Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata is Associate Diploma level. The 3rd movement is the most technically demanding movement of the Sonata, in part because of the Presto agitato tempo that it requires, and contributes to making the Sonata in its entirety set on the Associate Diploma repertoire lists (see above).

Thanks for reading! Check out these similar articles that I’ve written:

What Piano Grade is Beethoven’s Pathétique Sonata?

What key is Moonlight Sonata written in?

Moonlight Sonata also known as The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C # minor “Quasi una fantasia”, Op. 27 No. 2, is one of the most famous pieces by Ludwig Van Beethoven.

What key is Moonlight Sonata movement 3 in?

Piano Sonata No 14 ''Moonlight'' 3rd Movement has sections analyzed in the following keys: C♯ Minor, F♯ Minor, and G♯ Minor.

Can Moonlight Sonata be played on 61 keys?

The first and second movements of Moonlight Sonata can be played on 61 keys if you omit some of the lower notes on the left hand. However, the third movement can't be played on 61 keys because there are too many notes out of range and you need weighted keys to play the movement properly.